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Fanny Murray
Fanny Murray (born Bath, 1729, died London, 2 April 1778〔Some sources give her date of death as 1770. Nevertheless, notices of her death only appear in gazettes from 1778.〕), née Fanny Rudman and later Fanny Ross, was an 18th-century English courtesan, mistress to John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich and dedicatee of the fateful ''Essay on Woman'' (1763) that led to the downfall of John Wilkes. A contemporary of Kitty Fisher and Charlotte Hayes, the "celebrated Fanny Murray" was one of the most prominent courtesans of her day; a celebrity and fashion leader who rose from destitution to wealth and fame, before settling down into a life of "respectable prosperity". The ''Memoirs of the Celebrated Miss Fanny Murray'' are one of the first examples of the "whore's memoir" genre of writing, although they are unlikely to have been actually written by Murray.
==Early life==
The details of her life are not clear, coming as they do from often biased sources such as the ''Memoirs'' attributed to her. Most sources agree that Murray was born in Bath in 1729 to a musician called "Rudman", a friend of the influential dandy Beau Nash. Orphaned at age 12, she worked as a flower girl until she was seduced by John Spencer, a grandson of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. According to her memoir, she had become a mistress to Beau Nash by 1743, at the age of just fourteen, and soon moved to London, where she became a "dress-lodger"〔 — an indentured prostitute who had to work to pay for the expensive clothes that she wore to solicit customers. Once she had paid off her indenture, Fanny continued as a prostitute under her own employ, but remained in poverty.
While she was in London, she was noticed by Jack Harris, a famous pimp from Covent Garden and later co-author of ''Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies'', a list of prostitutes that Harris claimed were free of venereal disease. Harris supposedly had a surgeon examine Murray to verify her claims that she was free of disease, and made her pay a £20 deposit on the accuracy of her information. Although she had been working in London for many years, she appeared in Harris's guide as a "new face", described as "fit for high keeping with a Jew merchant".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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